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Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder complicating pregnancy. The incidence of pre-gestational (type 1 and type 2) and gestational diabetes mellitus is on the rise in India. Authors aimed to study the clinical profile and outcome of the infant of diabetic mothers.Methods: The study was conducted in the Sick Newborn Care Unit attached to Stanley Medical College in Chennai over a period of 6 months. All infants born to diabetic mothers during the study period were included in the study.Results: Among the total of 6236 babies delivered in total during the study period, 566 (9.07%) were born to diabetic mothers. 16.25% were pre-gestational diabetic mothers and 83.75% were GDM Mothers. The incidence of prematurity was 15.2% and LGA was 7.9%. The majority were AGA (495 out of 566). Symptomatic Hypoglycemia was observed in 16 babies and asymptomatic hypoglycemia in 35 babies with total occurrence of hypoglycemia in 9% of babies. Hyper-bilirubinemia is the most common problem encountered in 29% of babies, congenital heart disease and renal problems were the most common congenital anomalies noted in IDM 44 out of 566 babies (7.8%).Conclusions: There is lack of awareness regarding dog bite and its management among the rural populatEarly detection and optimal management of diabetic status during the antenatal period along with anticipation, early recognition and management of postnatal complications will reduce the mortality of infants of diabetic mothersion.
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Background: Dengue fever is a benign syndrome caused by an arthropod-borne virus and is characterized by Biphasic fever, myalgia, and arthralgia, rash, leucopenia, and lymphadenopathy. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome are a severe, often fatal febrile disease caused by 1 of 4 dengue virus. It is characterized by increased capillary permeability, abnormalities of hemostasis and protein-losing shock syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical profile, complications and outcome of dengue infection in children.Methods: All children attending the hospital with symptoms and signs suggestive of dengue fever were tested for NS1 antigen and IgM/ IgG dengue antibody serology (depending on the day of fever) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.Results: Of the 174-dengue serology positive children, fever was the most common major symptom (97.7%) followed by vomiting (85.6%), loss of appetite (81.6%), abdominal pain (77%), body pain/leg pain (62.6%). Severe dengue as per WHO criteria was seen in 29 (16.7%) children. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count less 1,00,000) was observed in 82 children (47%), Platelet count less than 20,000 in 8 children (4.5%). Dengue shock syndrome was seen it 26 children (15%). Mortality was nil.Conclusions: In children, if symptoms like fever, vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain and body pain are present, a strong possibility of dengue fever is present especially in an epidemic setting. Early suspicion and effective management can reduce the severity.
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ABSTRACT The high strength AA7075 aluminum alloy is commonly used in the aerospace components due to its exclusive mechanical properties like lightweight and high strength. This alloy cannot be welded by fusion welding techniques due to solidification cracking which severely degrade the mechanical properties of the joint. In contrast, through friction stir welding (FSW) process solidification relate defects can be eliminated. Anyhow, the strength of friction stir welded joint is influenced by process parameters and tool parameters. These parameters govern the heat input, metal flow, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the weld. In normal welding condition, (without preheating) heat is generated by friction force which is produced between tool and workpiece. In this paper an added heat input through preheating the metal before weld. This preheating temperature effects on microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of the joints were investigated. From this study the following conclusions are derived. Sufficient heat input should be given to obtain defect free and quality joint. The results showed that, preheating the base metal to 100 °C prior to welding improved the tensile strength and joint efficiency compared to the joints made without preheating.
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A novel, simple, fast and reproducible UV spectrophotometric method was developed using 2M urea solution as hydrotropic solubilizing agent for the estimation of poorly watersoluble drug amlodipine besylate in bulk and in pharmaceutical dosage form. Various organic solvents such as methanol, chloroform, dimethyl formamide and acetonitrile have been employed for solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs to carry out spectrophotometric analysis. Drawbacks of organic solvents include their higher cost, toxicity and pollution. Hydrotropic solubilization may be a proper choice to preclude the use of organic solvents. It involve the addition of large amount of a second solute to increase the aqueous solubility of the first solute. Amlodipine exhibits absorption maximum at 243 nm. Urea did not show any absorbance above 225 nm and thus no interference in the estimation of drug was seen.Beer’s law was found to be obeyed in the concentration range of 5-25μg/mL. In this method, there is no interference from any common pharmaceutical additives and diluents. The correlation co-efficient (' r ' value) for amlodipine was0.99863.The results of analysis have been validated as per ICH guidelines. The percentage recoveries obtained for amlodipine ranges from 99.94 to 99.96. The method is accurate, precise and economical.
ABSTRACT
The Indian flora is extensively utilized as source of any drugs mentioned in the traditional systems of medicine. There is a continuous and urgent need to discover new antimicrobial compounds with diverse chemical structures and novel mechanisms of action for new and re-emerging infectious diseases. Therefore, researchers are increasingly turning their attention to folk medicine; looking for new leads to develop better drugs against microbial infections. The aim of the current study was to investigate antimicrobial activity of the various extracts of Calophyllum inophyllum L. An ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Calophyllum inophyllum L. (Family: Clusiaceae) were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against clinically important bacterial and fungal sp. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Calophyllum inophyllum revealed a significant scope to develop a novel broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal herbal formulation.